In this study, we ask how the probability of jobs to be automated (by artificial intelligence/computer/robotics) is distributed among different population groups in Israeli society. We focus in particular on the probability of jobs being automated (and therefore settling) between minority and majority groups. For example, on the basis of religion (Jews versus Muslims), gender, secular, religious, orthodox religious level, people with disabilities, education levels, age groups, as well as crosses between these groups. To test this, we first drew and interacted between several databases to measure the probabilities of automation for 321 jobs in the Israeli labor market based on the research of Frey and Osborne (2017). To do this, we used CBS's SCA (2022) Personnel Survey, and associated the probability of automating each job for each employee in the survey (N =123,242). The main findings reveal that 1:4 people is engaged in jobs that are likely to become permanent — meaning there is a high risk that their service will be automated.
Segmenting by population groups in Israeli society, we found that minority groups have a statistically higher and statistically significant risk of losing their servant to automation, compared to the rabbi groups. For example: Muslims versus Jews, traditional and religious Jews versus secular Jews, workers with severe disabilities versus workers without disabilities, those with low education versus those with higher education - are more at risk of having their service automated. We further found that the population most at risk of losing its servant to automation is Muslim men, who engage in a high proportion in “blue collar” handcrafts (e.g., construction). However, some of the findings are unintuitive because ordinal regression revealed that neither a distinct difference was found between men and women nor between secular men and anxious men, in the probability that their handlers undergo automation. We discuss this extensively.
Finally, we have proposed policy measures on several fronts that can be applied to the entire population and among the populations vulnerable to these changes in particular. We believe that these moves will contribute to reducing inequality in the new labor market between majority groups and disadvantaged groups in Israeli society.